According to ESRI front page, it is a geographic information system (GIS) which is a framework for gathering, managing, and analyzing data. Rooted in the science of geography, GIS integrates many types of data. It analyses spatial location and organizes layers of information into visualization using maps, and 3D scenes. With this unique capability, GIS reveals deeper insights into data, such as patterns, relationships, and situations – helping users make smarter decisions.
(https://www.esri.com/en-us/what-is-gis/overview)
Probe:
What is Spatial Location?
Spatial location describes where a registry object (such as a collection) is physically located, using geospatial coordinates such as latitude and longitude.
This element can be used to generate place markers on maps that show the physical address of collections, particularly cultural collections such as museums, galleries, and archives. It may also be used to describe the location of a party, or of a service such as an instrument. The data values for describing spatial location are the same as those used for spatial coverage.
(https://documentation.ands.org.au/display/DOC/Spatial+location)
What are map projections?
Map projections are used to transfer or ‘project’ geographically coordinated onto a flat surface.
UTM or Universal Transverse Mercator coordination system. UTM is a commonly used projection when it comes to GIS-related work.
Normally, we do not look at the world map with this crisscross grid because it is not a necessity. However, when it comes to setting the spatial coverage, we need to know the UTM zone of the country that we are working on, for example, Cambodia is in UTM zone 48N.
What is Shapefile and how important is it?
The shapefile format is a popular geospatial vector data format for geographic information system (GIS) software. It is developed and regulated by Esri as a (mostly) open specification for data interoperability amongst Esri and other GIS software products. Shapefile format can spatially describe vector features: POINTS, LINE, POLYGONS, representing, for example, water, wells, rivers, and so on. Each item usually has an attribute table that describes the information of each item. (Attribute table works like excel).
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shapefile)
To understand more about Map Projection, feel free to watch a YouTube video; link down below.
How medieval French made a precise map of France.